Today, we will go over what cardiac tamponade is, how it results, and most importantly, how we diagnose and treat it.

After listening to this podcast, you will be able to:

1. Define cardiac tamponade and explain its pathophysiology.

2. Describe the boundaries of the cardiac box and list the elements of Beck’s triad.

3. Identify the key clinical features of cardiac tamponade and explain how to make the diagnosis.

4. Discuss the management of cardiac tamponade, including emergent interventions and definitive treatment strategies.

Description: PDF Notes for Surgery 101 episode on Cardiac Tamponade

Today, we will learn how to diagnose and treat patients who have sustained rib fractures, as well as gain some practical knowledge on how to identify if a patient’s problem is more urgent than simple rib fractures.

After listening to this podcast, you will be able to:

1. Describe the anatomy of the ribcage and outline the mechanism of simple rib fracture in blunt force trauma.

2. Explain the mechanism of injury in rib fracture with pneumothorax, hemothorax and flail chest.

3. Outline the important elements of the history and physical examination in patients with rib fractures.

4. Outline the management of patients with rib fractures.

5. Outline the indications for surgical fixation of rib fractures.

•  PDF Notes for Surgery 101 episode on Rib Fractures

In this episode, we will be focusing on the Whipple procedure itself and will not be covering pancreatic cancer patient presentation or investigations. Dr. David Shapiro’s previous podcast on pancreatic cancer is a great resource for that information. Today we will talk about the procedure and look at a patient case.

By the end of this podcast, listeners will be able to:

• explain the surgical anatomy of the pancreas

• describe the essential elements of the Whipple procedure

• outline indications for a Whipple procedure

PDF Notes for Surgery 101 episode on The Whipple Procedure

This episode was created by Katie Du, with content expertise provided by Dr. Trevor Schuler.

By the end of today’s episode, the learner will be able to: 

1.     Identify renal colic and differential diagnosis

2.     Determine appropriate investigations when suspecting nephrolithiasis

3.     Evaluate the need for stone treatment and referral to urology

4.     Suggest appropriate stone prevention strategies

PDF Notes for Surgery 101 episode on Renal Colic.

It goes without saying that surgeries come with a significant stress on the body, it is therefore imperative that patients, particularly those with significant co morbidities are medically optimized prior to surgery.

Today we’re going to consider how to properly prepare patients for surgery, looking specifically at the medications that patients are taking.

After listening to this episode, you should be able to:

1. Explain the two main reasons why we need to know about medications that people are taking before they have surgery.

2. List classes of medications that should be:

a. continued during the pre-operative period

b. adjusted prior to surgery

c. stopped prior to surgery

PDF Notes for Surgery 101 episode on Preoperative Medication Optimization

After listening to this podcast, you will be able to:

• describe the innervation of the female reproductive system,

• identify that pain is often perceived by patients undergoing office gynecological procedures,

• outline factors associated with increased pain perception during office gynecologic procedures,

• describe evidence-based techniques to reduce pain during gynecologic procedures, including pelvic exams, IUD placement, and endometrial biopsy.

 PDF Notes for Surgery 101 episode on Pain Management in Outpatient Gynecological Procedures 

In this episdoe we will explore Thyroid Eye Disease.

You may also hear this topic referred to as thyroid orbitopathy or Graves’ orbitopathy, but today we will use the overarching umbrella term of Thyroid Eye Disease.

After listening to this podcast, learners will be able to:

1. Explain the anatomy and pathophysiology behind thyroid eye disease

2. Recognize signs and symptoms of thyroid eye disease

3. List treatment options for thyroid eye disease, including surgical options

PDF Notes for Surgery 101 episode on Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy (Thyroid Eye Disease) 

This episode will cover practical tips for recognizing and managing eye trauma. We will look at foreign bodies and globe rupture. 

Today’s learning objectives:

1. Intraocular foreign body: take an effective history and select appropriate imaging depending on the type of foreign body.

2. Globe rupture: recognize that this also an ophthalmic emergency, and recognize signs that may indicate an open globe.

 PDF Notes for Surgery 101 episode on Ocular Trauma 2: Intraocular Foreign Bodies and Globe Rupture

In this episode of Surgery 101 where we will cover practical tips for recognizing and managing eye trauma.

This week’s episode will cover lacerations and compartment syndrome.

For today, our objectives are:

1. Eyelid lacerations: recognize if these involve the eyelid margin or the canalicular system, and recognize why medial lid lacerations are often the most concerning.

2. Orbital compartment syndrome: recognize signs of this ophthalmic emergency and explain why a lateral canthotomy and cantholysis is the urgent procedure of choice.

 PDF Notes for Surgery 101 episode on Ocular Trauma 1: Lid Lacerations and Orbital Compartment Syndrome

In this final episode, medical student Sunpreet Cheema and Dr. White reflect upon the surgical innovations and innovators discussed in this ten-part series.

This episode features and interview with Dr. Carol Duncan who discusses her great grandfather's connection to surgical innovation. Dr. Simon Powell Sebastian was a renowned physician, surgeon, and the co-founder of two historic African-American hospitals in Greensboro, North Carolina.

Today, Sunpreet Cheema and Surgery 101 will explore the fascinating histories of the inventors behind three indispensable surgical suction devices: the Yankauer, the Poole, and the Frazier.

PDF Notes for Surgery 101 episode on  The History of Suction Devices 

Today, we explore the fascinating histories of the inventors behind two handheld surgical forceps: DeBakey and Adson.

• PDF Notes for Surgery 101 episode on The History of Handheld Forceps 

During an operation, it’s common to have to put a clamp on blood vessels in preparation for suturing. Today, Sunpreet Cheema will review a few of the most common clamps you’ll encounter and look at the names behind the history: Kelly, Crile and Halstedt.