Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) attempts to restore normal physiologic function of the sinuses via correction of underlying anatomical abnormalities and obstruction. The term functional refers to strategies aimed at preserving the natural drainage pathways of the sinuses. It is important to note that FESS does not cure sinonasal disease but rather facilitates the healing process by improving sinus ventilation and drainage allowing for gradual resolution of mucosal disease. Post-surgical changes also facilitate the delivery of saline and intranasal steroid medications to the paranasal sinus cavities. In this episode, we will discuss the relevant anatomy, pathophysiology, clinical presentation and treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with a specific emphasis on functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)

Learning Objectives

1. Describe the anatomy and function of the paranasal sinuses
2. Define functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)
3. Define chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS)
4. List the complications of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)

PDF Notes for Surgery 101 episode on Chronic Rhinosinusitis and FESS.

Hoarseness is a common complaint in primary care. It denotes a dysphonia originating from the vocal cords of the larynx. It describes any change in voice quality. It is important to remember it is a symptom of underlying pathology and not a diagnosis. In this episode, we will discuss the relevant anatomy, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of common causes of hoarseness.

By the end of this podcast, listeners will be able to:

1. Define hoarseness
2. Explain common etiologies contributing to hoarseness
3. List the treatment options for the common causes of hoarseness 

PDF notes for Surgery 101 Episode on Approach to Hoarseness.

This is the 4th episode in a 4-part series covering complications at the time of vaginal delivery.  This episode is brought to you by Leah Rusnell a fourth-year medical student at the University of Saskatchewan in Regina. Yesterday, we discussed the delivery of twins and in this episode, we’ll look at the management of umbilical cord prolapse.

After listening to this episode, listeners will be able to:

1. List the risk factors for umbilical cord prolapse.
2. Describe the signs of cord prolapse that should alert suspicion for the diagnosis.
3. Outline a management plan for cord prolapse.

PDF Notes for Surgery 101 episode #305 on  Umbilical Cord Prolapse 

PDF Notes for Surgery 101 episode #304 Delivery of Twins

This is the 2nd episode in a 4-part series covering complications at the time of vaginal delivery.  This episode is brought to you by Leah Rusnell a fourth-year medical student at the University of Saskatchewan in Regina. Yesterday, we discussed operative vagina delivery and in this episode, we'll look at the management of breech deliveries.

After listening to this episode, learners will be able to:

1. Define the types of breech presentation.
2. List the risk factors for breech presentation.
3. Outline the timing, indications, contraindications, and technique required to perform an external cephalic version.
4. Describe the controversy surrounding vaginal delivery of a breech baby.
5. List the contraindications to planned vaginal breech delivery.
6. List the requirements that must be met during the breech labor and delivery process.

PDF Notes for Surgery 101 episode #303 on Breech Deliveries